HOA HELL, a groundbreaking book for California homeowners by Michael B. Kushner

Can a California HOA Deny Solar Panels on a Condo Roof?

Can a California HOA Deny Solar Panels on a Condo Roof?

Overview Condominium owners in California often hear the same objection when they propose installing solar panels: “The roof is common area. You don’t own it.” In most HOA contexts, that statement would end the discussion. HOA boards almost always have the final say...
Can a California HOA Board Censure a Director?

Can a California HOA Board Censure a Director?

Overview In California HOAs, the term “censure” is often used to describe a formal reprimand of a director by the rest of the HOA board. Unlike removal from office (such as in a formal recall), which may require member action or compliance with specific statutory...
How California HOAs Abuse the Business Judgment Rule

How California HOAs Abuse the Business Judgment Rule

Overview In California HOAs, the Business Judgment Rule, often called the BJR, is a statutory presumption that can protect corporate directors, including HOA board members, from personal liability for decisions they make on behalf of the HOA. But that presumption can...